During which phase does RNA synthesis occur and is regulated by interaction between promoters and enhancers?

RNA synthesis occurs during the transcription phase, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into RNA. This process is crucial for gene expression, as it is the first step in producing proteins. The regulation of transcription involves complex interactions between various elements of the DNA, particularly promoters and enhancers.

Promoters are sequences located at the beginning of a gene that facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA. Enhancers are regulatory sequences that can be situated far away from the promoter but, when bound by specific proteins (transcription factors), can enhance the likelihood of transcription occurring. The interaction between these elements allows for precise control over when and how much of a particular RNA is produced, responding to cellular signals and environmental cues.

In contrast, replication refers to the process of copying DNA, translation involves the conversion of RNA sequences into proteins, and meiosis is the process of cell division that results in gametes. These processes do not directly involve the synthesis of RNA and its regulation through promoter and enhancer interactions, which is why transcription is the correct answer for this question.