What is the function of nucleic acids in biological systems?

Nucleic acids play a crucial role in biological systems primarily because they are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. This includes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. RNA (ribonucleic acid) also contributes to genetic information management by facilitating the synthesis of proteins based on the instructions encoded in the DNA.

The structure of nucleic acids, especially DNA, allows them to easily replicate and pass on genetic information during cell division, ensuring that the information is preserved and transmitted across generations. Additionally, RNA is involved in processes like protein synthesis and gene regulation, further underscoring the fundamental importance of nucleic acids in maintaining life's continuity and biochemical functions.

While nucleic acids have roles in other cellular processes, such as RNA acting in enzymatic roles (some forms of RNA can have catalytic activity), their primary and most well-known function is the storage and transmission of genetic information. In contrast, other options point to functions more related to proteins or other biomolecules, not nucleic acids specifically.