What is the structure that consists of DNA wrapped around proteins?

The structure that consists of DNA wrapped around proteins is known as a chromosome. A chromosome is formed when DNA molecules coalesce into a compact structure with the assistance of proteins called histones. These proteins help in organizing and condensing the DNA, making it manageable during cell division, such as mitosis and meiosis.

Each chromosome contains a single, long DNA molecule that encodes numerous genes, which are essential for the functioning and development of an organism. The wrapping of DNA around histones not only aids in DNA compaction but also plays a critical role in gene regulation and accessibility.

To give context to the other terms: a chromatid refers to one half of a replicated chromosome; before a cell divides, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, which includes a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found often in bacteria, which is separate from chromosomal DNA and can carry additional genes, but it does not itself represent the structure formed from DNA and proteins like chromosomes do.