What law states that two alleles for each trait segregate during the formation of gametes?

The correct answer is the Law of Segregation, which is a fundamental principle of genetics first stated by Gregor Mendel. This law indicates that during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the two alleles for a trait separate from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.

This principle explains how offspring inherit one allele from each parent, leading to the random combination of alleles that contribute to the genetic diversity of organisms. For example, if an organism has one allele for flower color that is dominant (say purple) and one that is recessive (say white), the alleles will segregate during gamete formation. As a result, the organism can produce gametes with either the purple or the white allele, thereby influencing the traits of the offspring depending on which alleles combine during fertilization.

The other laws mentioned relate to different aspects of inheritance. The Law of Independent Assortment pertains to how different traits are inherited independently of one another. The Law of Dominance describes how certain alleles can mask the expression of others, and the phrase "Law of Independent Segregation" is not a standard term used in genetics. Thus, the Law of Segregation accurately captures