What term describes an eclipse where the Earth's shadow is cast on the moon?

The term that describes an eclipse where the Earth's shadow is cast on the moon is a lunar eclipse. This event occurs when the Earth is positioned directly between the sun and the moon, causing the Earth's shadow to fall on the moon. There are different types of lunar eclipses, such as total and partial, depending on how much of the moon passes through the Earth's shadow.

In contrast, a solar eclipse occurs when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sun's light from reaching the Earth. Central eclipse refers to a specific type of solar eclipse where the moon is centrally aligned with the sun and the Earth, creating a dramatic visual effect known as a totality. A penumbral eclipse is a less noticeable type of lunar eclipse that occurs when the moon passes through the Earth's penumbra, resulting in a subtle shading rather than a distinct shadow on the moon.

Thus, the identification of a lunar eclipse as the event where the Earth's shadow falls on the moon is accurate and fundamental to understanding the dynamics of celestial bodies in the context of eclipses.