Which of Mendel's laws refers to the independent segregation of allele pairs during gamete formation?

The law that refers to the independent segregation of allele pairs during gamete formation is the Law of Independent Segregation. This principle, established by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants, states that during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the alleles for different genes segregate independently of one another. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait, allowing for a variety of combinations of traits in the offspring.

For example, if a plant has alleles for both flower color and seed shape, the allele for flower color will segregate independently from the allele for seed shape when gametes are formed. This independent assortment leads to genetic variation among the offspring, which is a fundamental concept in genetics and was crucial in understanding hereditary patterns.