Which of the following describes transpiration?

Transpiration refers to the process by which water vapor is released from the surfaces of leaves and other parts of a plant into the atmosphere. This process is crucial for several reasons: it helps maintain the plant's temperature, facilitates the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, and plays a significant role in the water cycle by contributing to the moisture content in the air.

During transpiration, water absorbed by the roots is transported through the plant and evaporates from tiny openings in the leaves called stomata. This movement not only aids in cooling the plant but also creates a negative pressure that helps draw additional water and nutrients upward from the roots through the xylem.

The other options describe processes that do not define transpiration. For instance, the absorption of nutrients is linked to the root system's function, while photosynthesis involves converting sunlight into energy, and root growth pertains to the development of the plant structure. Thus, the release of water vapor from plants correctly encapsulates the essence of transpiration.