Which of the following is true about scientific laws?

Scientific laws are concise statements or mathematical equations that describe consistent phenomena that occur under specific conditions. They stem from repeated experimental observations and consistently yield the same results when the conditions are upheld. For example, Newton's law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational attraction between two masses under specific conditions, demonstrating that this phenomenon occurs reliably and predictably under those circumstances.

The other options highlight aspects that do not accurately define scientific laws. While laws can be challenged or refined with new evidence, they are more about established truths rather than being outright disproven. Furthermore, scientific laws are not merely observations; they are generalizations based on those observations. Lastly, although scientific inquiry may start with hypotheses or assumptions, scientific laws are derived from extensive testing and validation rather than being simply based on initial assumptions.