Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?

The mitochondrion is referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it plays a crucial role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy carrier in cells. Mitochondria are essential for cellular respiration, a process through which cells convert nutrients into energy. They take in nutrients, break them down, and turn them into energy in the form of ATP, which powers various cellular functions.

Mitochondria have a unique structure, with a double membrane that allows them to create a gradient essential for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. This capability makes them vital for the energy metabolism of nearly all eukaryotic cells.

In contrast, the other organelles mentioned—such as the nucleus, which is responsible for storing genetic information; the chloroplast, which is involved in photosynthesis; and the lysosome, which functions in waste processing—do not primarily deal with energy production to the same extent as mitochondria do.