Which term applies to all the environmental conditions, living and non-living, that affect a population?

The term that applies to all the environmental conditions, both living and non-living, that affect a population is "Ecosystem." An ecosystem encompasses not only the organisms within a particular area, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, but also the physical surroundings they interact with, including air, water, soil, and climate. This integrated system is crucial for understanding how living organisms interact with one another and with their non-living environment.

In contrast, a community refers specifically to the various populations of organisms living together in an area, without considering the physical aspects of their environment. A biome represents larger ecological areas on Earth characterized by specific climate conditions and types of flora and fauna, while habitat generally refers to the specific environment where a species lives, including factors such as food, water, and shelter. Thus, when considering the comprehensive interaction of both living and non-living factors that affect a population, the term ecosystem is the most appropriate.