Which theory, published in 1543, proposed that the Earth and the planets revolve around the sun?

The Copernican Theory, formulated by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543, marks a significant turning point in the history of astronomy. This theory introduced a heliocentric model of the universe, asserting that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. This was a revolutionary concept at a time when the prevalent belief was that the Earth was the center of the universe (geocentric model) as proposed by earlier thinkers such as Ptolemy.

Copernicus's work laid the groundwork for modern astronomy by challenging established beliefs and providing observational evidence for the motion of celestial bodies. His ideas were crucial in advancing the scientific revolution, influencing subsequent astronomers like Galileo and Kepler. By recognizing the Sun’s central role in the solar system, the Copernican Theory began to shift humanity's understanding of its place in the cosmos and helped to propel the development of further astronomical discoveries.